Track why work stopped: missing authority, absent evidence, policy conflict, unavailable tool, budget limit, low confidence, or reviewer rejection. A rise in refusal may indicate stronger control, poor qualification, a changed source, or a failing provider. Interpretation requires case review. Setting a target of zero refusals would pressure the system to cross boundaries that were designed to protect the company.
Measure exception arrival, age, ownership, resolution, and recurrence. A low average completion time can coexist with a growing difficult-case queue. Segment by workflow, source, action, and consequence without exposing unnecessary personal data. The economic model should include exception effort because it determines how the system behaves at scale.